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DAO 63:151-160 (2005)
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Abstract
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A cohabitation challenge to compare the efficacies of vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Stewart Alcorn1,*, Anthony L. Murray2, Ronald J. Pascho2, Jed Varney3
1School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 Boat Street, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
2Western Fisheries Research Center, US Geological Survey, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
3Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Kendall Creek Hatchery, 6263 Mt. Baker Highway, Deming, Washington 98244, USA
*Email: stewart_alcorn@usgs.gov
ABSTRACT: The relative efficacies of 1 commercial and 5 experimental vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) were compared through a cohabitation waterborne challenge. Groups of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were vaccinated
with one of the following: (1) killed Renibacterium salmoninarum ATCC 33209 (Rs 33209) cells; (2) killed Rs 33209 cells which had been heated to 37°C for 48 h, a process that destroys the p57 protein; (3) killed R.
salmoninarum MT239 (Rs MT239) cells; (4) heated Rs MT239 cells; (5) a recombinant version of the p57 protein (r-p57) emulsified in Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA); (6) the commercial BKD vaccine Renogen; (7) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)
emulsified with an equal volume of FIA; or (8) PBS alone. Following injection, each fish was marked with a subcutaneous fluorescent latex tag denoting its treatment group and the vaccinated fish were combined into sham and disease challenge tanks. Two
weeks after these fish were vaccinated, separate groups of fish were injected with either PBS or live R. salmoninarum GL64 and were placed inside coated-wire mesh cylinders (liveboxes) in the sham and disease challenge tanks, respectively.
Mortalities in both tanks were recorded for 285 d. Any mortalities among the livebox fish were replaced with an appropriate cohort (infected with R. salmoninarum or healthy) fish. None of the bacterins evaluated in this study induced protective
immunity against the R. salmoninarum shed from the infected livebox fish. The percentage survival within the test groups in the R. salmoninarum challenge tank ranged from 59% (heated Rs MT239 bacterin) to 81% (PBS emulsified with FIA). There
were no differences in the percentage survival among the PBS-, PBS/FIA-, r-p57- and Renogen-injected groups. There also were no differences in survival among the bacterin groups, regardless of whether the bacterial cells had been heated or left untreated
prior to injection.
KEY WORDS: Renibacterium salmoninarum · Bacterial kidney disease · Vaccine efficacy · Cohabitation challenge
Full text in pdf format
Published in DAO Vol.
63, No. 2-3
(2005) on February 28
Print ISSN: 0177-5103; Online ISSN: 1616-1580.
Copyright © Inter-Research, Oldendorf/Luhe, 2005
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