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DAO 55:187-203 (2003)
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Abstract
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Two distinct phylogenetic clades of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus overlap within the Columbia River basin
Kyle A. Garver1,2, Ryan M. Troyer1,2,3, Gael Kurath1,2,*
1Department of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
2Western Fisheries Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 6505 NE 65th St., Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
3Present address: Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, USA
*Corresponding author. Email: gael_kurath@usgs.gov
ABSTRACT: Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), an aquatic rhabdovirus, causes a highly lethal disease of salmonid fish in North America. To evaluate the genetic diversity of IHNV from throughout the Columbia River basin, excluding the Hagerman
Valley, Idaho, the sequences of a 303 nt region of the glycoprotein gene (mid-G) of 120 virus isolates were determined. Sequence comparisons revealed 30 different sequence types, with a maximum nucleotide diversity of 7.3% (22 mismatches) and an
intrapopulational nucleotide diversity of 0.018. This indicates that the genetic diversity of IHNV within the Columbia River basin is 3-fold higher than in Alaska, but 2-fold lower than in the Hagerman Valley, Idaho. Phylogenetic analyses separated the
Columbia River basin IHNV isolates into 2 major clades, designated U and M. The 2 clades geographically overlapped within the lower Columbia River basin and in the lower Snake River and tributaries, while the upper Columbia River basin had only U clade
and the upper Snake River basin had only M clade virus types. These results suggest that there are co-circulating lineages of IHNV present within specific areas of the Columbia River basin. The epidemiological significance of these findings provided
insight into viral traffic patterns exhibited by IHNV in the Columbia River basin, with specific relevance to how the Columbia River basin IHNV types were related to those in the Hagerman Valley. These analyses indicate that there have likely been 2
historical events in which Hagerman Valley IHNV types were introduced and became established in the lower Columbia River basin. However, the data also clearly indicates that the Hagerman Valley is not a continuous source of waterborne virus infecting
salmonid stocks downstream.
KEY WORDS: Columbia River basin · IHNV · Rhabdovirus · Epidemiology · Salmonids
Full text in pdf format
Published in DAO Vol.
55, No. 3
(2003) on August 4
Print ISSN: 0177-5103; Online ISSN: 1616-1580.
Copyright © Inter-Research, Oldendorf/Luhe, 2003
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