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CR 25:217-227 (2004)
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Abstract
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Baltic Sea ice seasons in the twentieth century
S. Jevrejeva1,*, V. V. Drabkin2, J. Kostjukov3, A. A. Lebedev2, M. Leppäranta4, Ye. U. Mironov2, N. Schmelzer5, M. Sztobryn6
1Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Bidston Observatory, Birkenhead CH43 7RA, UK
2Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, 38 Bering Str., St. Petersburg 199397, Russia
3Latvian Hydrometeorological Agency, 165 Maskavas Str., Riga, Latvia
4University of Helsinki, Division of Geophysics, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
5Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, Neptunallee 5, 18057 Rostock, Germany
6Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, Waszyngtona 42, Gdynia, Poland
*Email: sveta@pol.ac.uk
ABSTRACT: We examine the evolution of ice seasons in the Baltic Sea during the 20th century based on a set of 37 time series from the coastal observation stations. The statistical question of combining data from sites with different ice probabilities is
solved by using fractiles of the distributions. These 100 yr long time series, including date of freezing, ice break-up, number of days with ice, and maximum annual ice thickness, provide evidence of a general trend toward easier ice conditions; the
largest change is in the length of ice season, which is decreasing by 14 to 44 d per century. The trends of a reduction of about 8 to 20 d per century to earliest ice break-up are in a good agreement with a warming trend in winter air temperature over
Europe. A statistically significant decreasing trend in probability of ice occurrence in the southern part of the Baltic Sea was detected; however, there is no change in probability of ice occurrence in the northern part.
KEY WORDS: Baltic Sea · Ice conditions · Trend · Probability · Fractiles
Full text in pdf format
Published in CR Vol.
25, No. 3
(2004) on January 23
Print ISSN: 0936-577X; Online ISSN: 1616-1572.
Copyright © Inter-Research, Oldendorf/Luhe, 2004
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