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MEPS 241:99-112 (2002)
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Abstract
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Impact of introduced seastars Asterias amurensis on survivorship of juvenile commercial bivalves Fulvia tenuicostata
D. Jeff Ross1,2,*, Craig R. Johnson1, Chad L. Hewitt2
1School of Zoology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-05, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7001, Australia
2Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests, CSIRO Marine Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
*Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. E-mail: rossdj@unimelb.edu.au
ABSTRACT: The introduction and establishment of the predatory seastar Asterias amurensis in southern Australia is considered a major threat to benthic marine communities and commercial bivalves. The impact of A. amurensis on a soft sediment
assemblage in SE Tasmania was quantified, with particular attention to effects of seastar predation on the survivorship of recently settled juveniles of the commercial bivalve Fulvia tenuicostata. In a manipulative experiment, densities of F.
tenuicostata juveniles were reduced by ca. 15 fold (from 580 to 35 m-2) in the presence of seastars at background densities relative to the treatment without seastars. In a feeding survey, A. amurensis exhibited preference for F.
tenuicostata following settlement of the bivalve over the period from December 1997 to January 1998, which comprised 80 and 50% of the seastar's stomach items in February 1998 and April 1998, respectively. However, A. amurensis preferred a
variety of other prey taxa when the abundance of F. tenuicostata was low, particularly other bivalves, gastropods and the echinoid Echinocardium cordatum. This indicates that the seastar may potentially affect the abundance of other prey
taxa. The results provide further support to the hypothesis that predation by A. amurensis is largely responsible for the recent decline and subsequent rarity of large bivalves in its current distribution in Tasmania. The potential of seastar
predation to have wider ecosystem level effects than the short-term direct effects reported here is a major concern.
KEY WORDS: Seastar · Introduced species · Predation · Impacts · Bivalves · Soft sediment · Asterias amurensis
Full text in pdf format
Published in MEPS Vol.
241
(2002) on October 4
Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599.
Copyright © Inter-Research, Oldendorf/Luhe, 2002
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